Coupled poro-inelastic response of soils using a new interpolation rule through the generalized plasticity theory within the UBCSAND model

During numerical computations, when the stress is updated in the constitutive relationship, it is of major necessity to distinguish the soil behavior under cyclic or transient loads from that of monotonic ones. The cyclic plasticity models developed to simulate the mechanism of soil failure, require accurate predictions of irreversible strains computed through a flow rule in both virgin loading and stress reversals. In multi-surface type models, such as UBCSAND, plastic modulus is calculated using a hardening rule where the location of the current stress tensor is related to its projection on the bounding surface through an interpolation rule. In this study, the plastic hardening modulus (HL) that is calculated using the Generalized Plasticity Theory, is adapted in the current formulation of the UBCSAND hardening rule in terms of deviatoric plastic strains. Hence, the UBCSAND model is modified to serve with the generalized plasticity framework to evaluate the cyclic behavior of sands. This way of calculating the plastic modulus is based upon an interpolation rule that typically exists in the bounding surface theory with the value of HL on the bounding surface. Such a concept is very well applicable to clay soils also. Firstly, a number of strain and stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests are simulated in order to validate the current constitutive formulation. Secondly, the effects of the new interpolation rule on the cyclic behavior of granular soils is investigated with a number of parametric studies which are performed to examine the effect of HL on the overall cyclic response. Finally, the new formulation is implemented in an in-house finite element code developed to solve the coupled equations of the partially dynamic (PD) Biot formulation used to analyse a soil-column problem under harmonic surface excitation. Results are obtained in terms of solid displacement, pore pressure and effective stress variation in temporal and spatial domains

MOCVD growth and electrical studies of p-type AlGaN with Al fraction 0.35

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We present a study on the high performance p-type AlxGa1-xN (x = 0.35) layers grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on AIN template/sapphire substrate. The influence of growth conditions on the p-type conductivity of the AlxGa1-xN (x = 0.35) alloy is investigated. From the Hall effect and I-V transmission line model measurements, a p-type resistivity of 3.5 Omega cm for AlxGa1-xN (x = 0.35) epilayers are achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest resistivity ever measured for the uniform p-type AlGaN with Al fraction higher than 0.3. The Mg and impurities (O, C and H) of the atom concentration in the epi-layers are analyzed by means of SIMS depth profiles, which reveal the dependence of impurities incorporation on the III elements and growth temperature. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

High-performance visible-blind GaN-based p-I-n photodetectors

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We report high performance visible-blind GaN-based p-i-n photodetectors grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on c-plane sapphire substrates. The dark current of the 200 mu m diameter devices was measured to be lower than 20 pA for bias voltages up to 5 V. The breakdown voltages were higher than 120 V. The responsivity of the photodetectors was similar to 0.23 A/W at 356 nm under 5 V bias. The ultraviolet-visible rejection ratio was 6.7x10(3) for wavelengths longer than 400 nm. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics

N=2 SYM Action as a BRST Exact Term, Topological Yang Mills and Instantons

By constructing a nilpotent extended BRST operator \bs that involves the N=2 global supersymmetry transformations of one chirality, we show that the standard N=2 off-shell Super Yang Mills Action can be represented as an exact BRST term \bs \Psi, if the gauge fermion $\Psi$ is allowed to depend on the inverse powers of supersymmetry ghosts. By using this nonanalytical structure of the gauge fermion (via inverse powers of supersymmetry ghosts), we give field redefinitions in terms of composite fields of supersymmetry ghosts and N=2 fields and we show that Witten's topological Yang Mills theory can be obtained from the ordinary Euclidean N=2 Super Yang Mills theory directly by using such field redefinitions. In other words, TYM theory is obtained as a change of variables (without twisting). As a consequence it is found that physical and topological interpretations of N=2 SYM are intertwined together due to the requirement of analyticity of global SUSY ghosts. Moreover, when after an instanton inspired truncation of the model is used, we show that the given field redefinitions yield the Baulieu-Singer formulation of Topological Yang Mills.Comment: Latex, 1+15 pages. Published versio

An Offline/Online DDDAS Capability for Self-Aware Aerospace Vehicles

In this paper we develop initial offline and online capabilities for a self-aware aerospace vehicle. Such a vehicle can dynamically adapt the way it performs missions by gathering information about itself and its surroundings via sensors and responding intelligently. The key challenge to enabling such a self-aware aerospace vehicle is to achieve tasks of dynamically and autonomously sensing, planning, and acting in real time. Our first steps towards achieving this goal are presented here, where we consider the execution of online mapping strategies from sensed data to expected vehicle capability while accounting for uncertainty. Libraries of strain, capability, and maneuver loading are generated offline using vehicle and mission modeling capabilities we have developed in this work. These libraries are used dynamically online as part of a Bayesian classification process for estimating the capability state of the vehicle. Failure probabilities are then computed online for specific maneuvers. We demonstrate our models and methodology on decisions surrounding a standard rate turn maneuver

Experimental evaluation of impact ionization coefficients in Al xGa1-xN based avalanche photodiodes

The authors report on the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition growth, fabrication, and characterization of high performance solar-blind avalanche photodetectors and the experimental evaluation of the impact ionization coefficients that are obtained from the photomultiplication data. A Schottky barrier, suitable for back and front illuminations, is used to determine the impact ionization coefficients of electrons and holes in an AlGaN based avalanche photodiode. © 2006 American Institute of Physics

A hybrid light source with integrated inorganic light-emitting diode and organic polymer distributed feedback grating

We report a compact light source that incorporates a semiconductor light-emitting diode, nanostructured distributed feedback (DFB) Bragg grating and spin-coated thin conjugated polymer film. With this hybrid structure, we transferred electrically generated 390 nm ultraviolet light to an organic polymer via optical pumping and out-couple green luminescence to air through a second-order DFB grating. We demonstrate the feasibility of electrically driven, hybrid, compact light-emitting devices and lasers in the visible range. © IOP Publishing Ltd

InGaN/GaN based LEDs with electroluminescence in violet, blue, and green tuned by epitaxial growth temperature

[No abstract available

The maximally entangled symmetric state in terms of the geometric measure

The geometric measure of entanglement is investigated for permutation symmetric pure states of multipartite qubit systems, in particular the question of maximum entanglement. This is done with the help of the Majorana representation, which maps an n qubit symmetric state to n points on the unit sphere. It is shown how symmetries of the point distribution can be exploited to simplify the calculation of entanglement and also help find the maximally entangled symmetric state. Using a combination of analytical and numerical results, the most entangled symmetric states for up to 12 qubits are explored and discussed. The optimization problem on the sphere presented here is then compared with two classical optimization problems on the S^2 sphere, namely Toth's problem and Thomson's problem, and it is observed that, in general, they are different problems.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, small corrections and additions to contents and reference